Spouses Guide to Fibromyalgia

By: Chronic Therapy Team

Summary

Fibromyalgia is a complex condition that can be difficult for both those living with it and their loved ones. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide for spouses of individuals with fibromyalgia, covering the basics of the condition, diagnosis, treatment options, and ways to offer support. By understanding the challenges faced by someone with fibromyalgia, you can better support your partner and help them manage their symptoms.


  1. What is Fibromyalgia
  2. How Common is Fibromyalgia in Australia?
  3. Causes of Fibromyalgia
  4. Symptoms of Fibromyalgia
  5. How is Fibromyalgia Diagnosed?
  6. Is Fibromyalgia a Type of Chronic Pain?
  7. Is Fibromyalgia a Disability in Australia?
  8. Treatments for Fibromyalgia
  9. Why is it important to correctly diagnose Fibromyalgia?
  10. Relationship Between Fibromyalgia and Mental Health
  11. Medical Cannabis and Fibromyalgia
  12. Tips to Manage Fibromyalgia
  13. How to Support Someone with Fibromyalgia
  14. Conclusion

1. What is Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterised by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and tenderness in localised areas (1). The exact cause of fibromyalgia remains unknown, but it is believed to involve a variety of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors that contribute to the development and persistence of symptoms. People with fibromyalgia often experience increased sensitivity to pain due to abnormalities in the way their brain processes pain signals (2).


2. How Common is Fibromyalgia in Australia?

Fibromyalgia is estimated to affect approximately 2-5% of the general population worldwide, with a higher prevalence in women than in men (3). In Australia, the prevalence of fibromyalgia is similar to the global rate, affecting around 2-5% of the population (4). While fibromyalgia can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in middle-aged individuals and tends to become more prevalent with age.


3. Causes of Fibromyalgia

The exact cause of fibromyalgia is still unclear, but researchers believe that a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors play a role in the development of the condition (5). Some possible contributing factors include:

Genetic predisposition: Studies have found that fibromyalgia is more common in people with a family history of the condition, suggesting that genetic factors may play a role (6).

Infections or illnesses: Some viral or bacterial infections, such as Lyme disease or hepatitis C, have been associated with the development of fibromyalgia (7).

Physical or emotional trauma: Traumatic events, including physical injury or psychological stress, can trigger the onset of fibromyalgia in some individuals (8).

Hormonal imbalances: Abnormalities in hormone levels, particularly serotonin and cortisol, have been implicated in the development of fibromyalgia (9).


4. Symptoms of Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is characterised by a wide range of symptoms, which can vary in severity and duration. Some common symptoms include (10):

Widespread pain: Pain is typically experienced throughout the body and may be described as aching, throbbing, or burning.

Fatigue: Individuals with fibromyalgia often feel exhausted, even after a full night's sleep.

Sleep disturbances: Difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or achieving restorative sleep is common.

Cognitive difficulties: Problems with memory, concentration, and decision-making can occur, sometimes referred to as "fibro fog."

Tender points: Specific areas of the body may be more sensitive to pressure, leading to pain when touched.

Stiffness: Joints and muscles may feel stiff, particularly in the morning or after periods of inactivity.

Headaches: Tension headaches and migraines are common among individuals with fibromyalgia.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): Many people with fibromyalgia also have IBS, characterised by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits.

Depression and anxiety: Mental health issues such as depression and anxiety are common among people with fibromyalgia.


5. How is Fibromyalgia Diagnosed?

Diagnosing fibromyalgia can be challenging, as there is no specific laboratory test or imaging study that can definitively confirm the condition. Instead, the diagnosis is typically based on a thorough medical history, physical examination, and the exclusion of other conditions that could cause similar symptoms (11).

The American College of Rheumatology has established diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia, which include (12):

Widespread pain lasting at least three months.

Presence of pain in at least 11 of the 18 tender point locations.

Absence of other underlying medical conditions that could explain the symptoms.

In some cases, blood tests and imaging studies may be ordered to rule out other possible causes of the symptoms, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or thyroid disorders.


6. Is Fibromyalgia a Type of Chronic Pain?

Yes, fibromyalgia is considered a type of chronic pain disorder. Chronic pain is defined as pain that persists for more than three months and does not respond to conventional treatments (13). Fibromyalgia, with its characteristic widespread musculoskeletal pain and tenderness, is one of many chronic pain conditions that individuals may experience.


7. Is Fibromyalgia a Disability in Australia?

In Australia, fibromyalgia can be considered a disability if the symptoms significantly impact an individual's ability to perform daily activities and maintain employment. The Australian government provides financial assistance through the Disability Support Pension (DSP) for individuals with severe disabilities, including those with fibromyalgia (14). Eligibility for the DSP is determined on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the severity of the condition, its impact on daily functioning, and the individual's ability to work.


8. Treatments for Fibromyalgia

There is no cure for fibromyalgia, but a variety of treatments can help manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life for individuals with the condition. Treatment plans are typically tailored to the specific needs of the individual and may include a combination of the following (15):

Medications: Prescription medications such as pain relievers, antidepressants, and anti-seizure drugs may be used to manage pain, improve sleep, and reduce fatigue.

Physical therapy: A physical therapist can help develop an individualized exercise program to improve flexibility, strength, and endurance, which can help alleviate pain and fatigue.

Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT): CBT can help individuals with fibromyalgia develop coping strategies for managing pain and addressing negative thought patterns that may contribute to their symptoms.

Complementary therapies: Some individuals with fibromyalgia may benefit from complementary therapies such as acupuncture, massage, and yoga, which can help alleviate pain and promote relaxation.

Lifestyle changes: Adopting healthy habits, such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, and good sleep hygiene, can help manage fibromyalgia symptoms and improve overall well-being.


9. Why is it important to correctly diagnose Fibromyalgia?

Correctly diagnosing fibromyalgia is essential for several reasons:

Appropriate treatment:

An accurate diagnosis allows for the development of a targeted treatment plan to address the specific symptoms and needs of the individual with fibromyalgia.

Avoiding unnecessary interventions:

Ruling out other potential causes of the symptoms can prevent unnecessary treatments and medical interventions that may not be helpful or could even be harmful.

Emotional support:

Receiving a diagnosis can provide validation and support for individuals who have been struggling with unexplained symptoms, which can be emotionally challenging and isolating.

Access to resources and benefits:

A correct diagnosis can help individuals with fibromyalgia access appropriate resources, support, and benefits, such as disability assistance or workplace accommodations, to help manage their condition and maintain their quality of life.


10. Relationship Between Fibromyalgia and Mental Health

Fibromyalgia not only affects physical well-being but can also have a significant impact on mental health and sleep quality. Individuals with fibromyalgia are at an increased risk of experiencing anxiety, depression, mood disorders and chronic fatigue syndrome due to the chronic nature of their pain and the challenges of living with a poorly understood condition (20). Sleep disorders, such as insomnia and sleep apnea, are also common in people with fibromyalgia, which can further exacerbate both physical and mental health symptoms (21). Addressing mental health concerns and sleep disorders is an essential component of comprehensive fibromyalgia treatment.


11. Medical Cannabis and Fibromyalgia

Medical cannabis has emerged as a potential treatment option for individuals with fibromyalgia, particularly for managing pain and improving sleep (16). The active compounds in cannabis, known as cannabinoids, have been shown to interact with the body's endocannabinoid system, which plays a role in regulating pain, mood, and sleep (17).

Some studies have suggested that medical cannabis may be effective in reducing pain and improving sleep quality in individuals with fibromyalgia (18). However, more research is needed to fully understand the benefits and risks of medical cannabis for fibromyalgia, and it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before considering this treatment option.

In Australia, medical cannabis is legal for certain medical conditions, including chronic pain, when prescribed by a registered healthcare professional (19). The availability and access to medical cannabis for fibromyalgia may vary depending on individual circumstances and state regulations.


12. Tips to Manage Fibromyalgia

Managing fibromyalgia can be challenging, but incorporating the following strategies may help alleviate symptoms and improve overall well-being:

Develop a consistent routine: Establishing a daily routine, including regular sleep and wake times, can help regulate the body's internal clock and improve sleep quality.

Stay active: Engaging in regular, low-impact exercise, such as walking or swimming, can help reduce pain and fatigue, and improve mood.

Prioritise self-care: Taking time for relaxation and stress reduction, such as practicing mindfulness, meditation, or deep breathing exercises, can help manage fibromyalgia symptoms.

Maintain a healthy diet: Eating a balanced diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and whole grains, can provide the necessary nutrients to support overall health and well-being.

Seek support: Connecting with others who have fibromyalgia, either in person or through online support groups, can provide emotional support and practical advice for managing the condition.


13. How to Support Someone with Fibromyalgia

Supporting a loved one with fibromyalgia can be challenging, but there are several ways you can help:

Educate yourself: Learn about fibromyalgia, its symptoms, and treatment options to better understand the challenges faced by your partner.

Be patient and understanding: Recognize that fibromyalgia symptoms can be unpredictable and that your partner may have good days and bad days. Offer empathy and support during difficult times.

Encourage open communication: Encourage your partner to share their feelings and experiences and listen actively and non-judgmentally to their concerns.

Offer practical assistance: Help with daily tasks, such as household chores, shopping, or preparing meals, particularly on days when your partner's symptoms are more severe.

Support their treatment plan: Encourage your partner to follow their treatment plan, and offer to attend medical appointments with them if they would like your support.


14. Conclusion

Fibromyalgia is a complex and often misunderstood condition that can have a significant impact on the lives of those who live with it and their loved ones. By understanding the challenges faced by individuals with fibromyalgia, spouses can provide valuable support and help their partners manage their symptoms and maintain their quality of life.

If you or your loved one is suffering from fibromyalgia and would like to explore the possibility of medical cannabis as a treatment option, consider booking a consultation with a Chronic Therapy doctor. Our experienced professionals can help determine if cannabis medications are appropriate for your situation, and if so, we can arrange for the medications to be conveniently delivered to your home.


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